Why is Flying To & From Doha so Expensive?

A recent paper from Georgetown University in Qatar asks an important question

A recent policy brief from Georgetown University Qatar* finds that flights to/from Doha are 38.8% more expensive than their equivalents to/from Dubai. It also finds that flights connecting in Doha are 8.1% cheaper than their equivalents through Dubai.

But why might this be the case? The paper offers no suggestions. So I have analysed both markets to figu…